With much of the world’s attention on the Arabian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz, there is another body of water that has become a focal point of the war with Iran: the Caspian Sea. Earlier this month, Israeli fighter jets carried out an audacious and long-range air operation to target Iranian naval vessels and buildings on the Caspian Sea. The Caspian Sea has long been an important body of water for Iran, especially in terms of its trade and transit connections into the heart of Eurasia and the possibility of oil and gas resources there.