Africa’s relationship with foreign aid has entered a phase that feels less like evolution and more like rupture. Abrupt donor retrenchment since 2025 has stripped away long-standing assumptions about who finances development on the continent. Economic data now tells a story that would have sounded improbable two decades ago: Africa no longer depends on aid to grow. Yet many African states still depend on aid to function. Economic resilience in the face of shrinking donor flows has been striking.