Some changes in human history are sudden and we are often mesmerized by them. Others are more incremental and evolutionary, yet no less revolutionary or impactful. Urbanization belongs to the latter. Cities originated in the Middle East and, much like Middle Eastern cuisine, there is some uncertainty about who should claim the distinction of having created the first collective form of human living, where people gathered and collaborated for mutual benefit. Was it Uruk in southern Mesopotamia? Was it Jericho in Palestine? Or perhaps Byblos in today’s Lebanon?