Africa’s critical mineral wealth is feeding global dreams of a cleaner planetary future, yet the dominant narratives still track familiar patterns. Commentators often focus on how lithium, cobalt, and rare earths from across the continent can accelerate global decarbonization, while far fewer ask how these same resources can lift African economies. The asymmetry betrays a long-standing habit of viewing African underground wealth as external inputs rather than internal engines of the continent’s transformation. Let us take a step back.