The last year has been pivotal for Middle Eastern security in several meaningful ways. It has witnessed several crises and breakthroughs: Syria topped the list, but there were also key developments in Gaza, the West Bank, Iran, Yemen and Sudan. The reverberations from these hot spots are likely to continue into 2026. Syria witnessed the most profound transformation in its recent history following the fall of the Assad regime after decades of a ruthless dictatorship, which turned the country into a narco-state, a haven for terrorists and a vassal for Iran.