"Past innovation-driven booms—like the 1920s and in the 1990s—have led the market to overpay for future profits even though the underlying innovations were real."

"Past innovation-driven booms—like the 1920s and in the 1990s—have led the market to overpay for future profits even though the underlying innovations were real."

A historic capex surge, thin AI revenues, and extreme index concentration leave investors one disappointment away from a broad‑based equity shock.

Goldman's basket of AI productivity beneficiaries, including Bank of America, has seen double-digit returns this year and could have more room to run.