Algeria has become the primary enforcer of Europe’s southern frontier

The migration dynamics between Algeria and Spain are a brutal convergence of geopolitical bargaining, externalized border controls, and human desperation. Once a champion of pan-African solidarity, Algeria has undergone a radical transformation into a primary enforcer of Europe’s southern frontier, detaining and expelling over 31,000 people to Niger in 2024 alone through a network of formal and informal sites before abandoning them at the border without sustenance.

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