Israel and Qatar, which backs Al Jazeera and has hosted Hamas leaders, have long had a relationship marked by both public hostility and quiet collaboration.

Anas al-Sharif, a well-known correspondent for the network, was among those killed. Israel said it had conducted a strike targeting Mr. al-Sharif, claiming he worked for Hamas.

Israel and Qatar, which backs Al Jazeera and has hosted Hamas leaders, have long had a relationship marked by both public hostility and quiet collaboration.

Israeli officials said it was a targeted strike aimed at one of those killed, Anas al-Sharif, whom it accused of being a Hamas fighter posing as a reporter.

Al Jazeera, five of whose reporters the broadcaster said were killed by an Israeli strike, has angered governments across the region that claim it gives voice to terrorists. The…