Most teams did not choose to have five testing tools. They accumulated them, one reasonable decision at a time.
Something was needed for the browser journeys, so a UI framework went in. The API contract broke twice in a quarter, so a contract-testing tool followed. A load test was required before a launch, and the person who ran it picked whatever they knew. Security scanning arrived through the compliance programme rather than through engineering. And somewhere there is a spreadsheet, or a person, comparing generated customer documents against a baseline by eye.
Each of those was the right call. The sum of them has a property nobody chose.
The bill nobody itemises
Ask what five tools cost and you will be told about licences. That is the smallest line.
