In a primetime rallying call to the nation, Argentinian President Javier Milei has resurrected Argentina’s long-standing claim to the UK-held Falkland Islands and in the process conjured up memories of the bitter war the two countries fought 44 years ago.With an election in Argentina due in October 2027, Milei did what many Argentinian leaders have done over the years — bang the drum in support of his country’s claim to what Argentinians call the Malvinas.In his speech on Thursday, Milei welcomed a seeming change of tone from the US and vowed to introduce measures to block plans to drill for oil near the small British overseas territory of about 3,500 people, which lies about 480km east of the southeast coast of Argentina.Without threatening a military incursion, he insisted the “winds of change” were with Argentina.Here’s what to know about the islands — a British overseas territory since 1833 — and how they affect relations between Argentina and the UK.Milei stakes claimArgentina’s sovereignty claim is enshrined in Argentina’s constitution and is frequently invoked as an expression of national identity, from banknotes to World Cup soccer chants.Milei, surrounded by his cabinet, told the nation that the islands are “our future” and that Argentina needs to “recover” them as a matter of national importance.“There is no other path forward,” he said.Milei, a right-wing libertarian who has applied shock therapy to Argentina’s economy since taking office in late 2023, has come under increasing pressure from the opposition, which has accused him of neglecting Argentina’s sovereignty claim. He has grown more vocal on the Falklands as plans for large-scale oil production around the islands raise the economic stakes of the dispute.He said he would sign decrees to introduce sanctions against any companies working on oil production around the islands, declaring that the Sea Lion oil field, a joint UK-Israel operation, is a “clear and present danger” to the country’s claims.Production at the field about 220km north of the islands is expected to begin in 2028. Argentina considers the project an illegal exploitation of resources in waters it claims as its own.“Argentina will not stand idly by,” Milei said. “Any further advance on the Malvinas Islands will be considered a violation of our national security.”The Trump factorMilei’s address came amid increasing signs that the US was preparing to change its long-held position on the future of the Falklands.For decades, successive US administrations have remained neutral on the competing claims while recognising Britain’s de facto administration of the islands. Any departure from that position would be a major diplomatic affront and inflame already high trans-Atlantic tensions.On Thursday, in an interview with GB News, US President Donald Trump suggested he would not back the UK in a fight over the Falklands and pointed to its lack of support for his war in Iran at its launch on February 28.“The US is considering this change in position because it knows that Argentina has a reliable partner, aligned with Western values, in a strategically important position that can be a valuable ally in the decades to come,” said Milei, arguably Trump’s closest ally in South America.The British responseResidents of the Falkland Islands have indicated they prefer to remain a part of the UK, and British foreign secretary Ed Miliband said the country will “resolutely uphold” their right to decide their future.“The UK’s position on the Falkland Islands is unwavering,” he said on X. “The Islands are British and will remain so because that is the overwhelming position of the islanders.”In a 2013 referendum, the islanders voted overwhelmingly to remain a British overseas territory, with 99.8% voting in favour and just three votes against.Milei dismissed that viewpoint, saying the inhabitants of the islands do “not have a legitimate right to self-determination”.Military optionThe worst-case scenario is that the dispute will again lead to war.In 1982, Argentina’s then-military dictatorship invaded the Falklands. The UK, led then by prime minister Margaret Thatcher, sent a task force all the way down the Atlantic and retook the islands after 73 days of Argentinian control. The war killed 649 Argentine and 255 British troops.The humiliation of that ill-fated invasion soon led to the downfall of the junta, which had invaded in a desperate bid for popularity.The backdrop now is very different. In the early 1980s, the Falkland Islands had a minimal British military presence. Now, there is a proper deterrent — more than a thousand troops, state-of-the-art jets and Royal Navy patrols nearby.The historical contextThe future status of the islands has hobbled relations between the two countries, even though they share deep cultural and economic ties.Though Argentina was never a British colony, British influence and money played a crucial role in the growth of the Argentinian state in the decades after its establishment in 1816.Most visibly, British influence is evident in the sporting arena, notably soccer, which was brought over by British immigrants.But the Falkland Islands have undermined what should be a close relationship based on common interests. In the recent World Cup, Argentina beat archrival England 2-1 in the semifinals. Some of the Argentinian players unfurled a banner after their win, proclaiming the disputed Falkland Islands as their own: “Las Malvinas son argentinas.”AP