More than 1,400 people are missing and at least 552 have been killed after devastating floods tore through the border region between Nepal and Tibet, as rescuers reached some of the worst-hit areas for the first time.

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) said on Friday that early estimates suggested about 93,000 people may have been affected by Wednesday's disaster and warned that the death toll was expected to rise.

"The trauma of this event is enormous," said David Fisher, the IFRC's head of delegation for Nepal.

He said washed-out roads and bridges, along with disrupted mobile phone coverage and electricity supplies, meant rescuers had still been unable to reach some of the hardest-hit areas.

Nepalese police put the country's death toll at at least 547 on Friday, while Chinese state media has confirmed five deaths on the Tibetan side of the border.