Some of the world’s biggest advertising conglomerates have been accused of having a “cynical attitude” over their continued dealings in Russia amid concern that they risk indirectly aiding Kremlin propaganda.

WPP, the world’s largest advertising and marketing group, said last week that it was “discontinuing” operations in Russia, adding that to operate in the country would be “inconsistent with our values”. Its rivals have yet to follow suit.

Bill Browder, the British-American financier and anti-corruption activist, told The Times that he was “astounded” at the stance of those groups.

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