Former president Jacob Zuma's architect, Minenhle Makhanya.

The Special Tribunal has ordered the architect behind the controversial security upgrades at former president Jacob Zuma's Nkandla residence to personally repay more than R147 million to the National Treasury after finding that his unlawful conduct caused significant financial losses to the State.

Minenhle Makhanya, who served as the architect and principal agent for the Nkandla project, was ordered to repay over R147 million.

The ruling follows a lengthy investigation by the Special Investigating Unit (SIU) into procurement irregularities and excessive expenditure linked to the project.

Judge K Pillay found that Makhanya's appointment by the Department of Public Works (DPW) did not comply with constitutional procurement requirements, the Public Finance Management Act (PFMA), or the department's Supply Chain Management Policy.