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Sounding off: Bill Gates is urging governments to get ahead of artificial intelligence, warning that the technology is moving faster than the rules designed to govern it. He argues that companies are rolling out more powerful systems while the protections needed to address job losses and security threats are still taking shape.

In a lengthy essay published on Wednesday, the Microsoft co-founder called for taxes on some AI use, tighter testing of systems that could aid bioterrorism, and limits on replacing certain workers with software. His position marks a sharper break from the industry's prevailing view that AI's economic benefits will outweigh the disruption.

Gates said the latest AI systems have moved beyond the stage where companies can rely on voluntary commitments and broad principles. He said the risks require enforceable rules, particularly as companies build more data centers and spend heavily to deploy AI across corporate operations.