Almost immediately after President Donald Trump took office for the second time, his administration brought down the hammer on universities, freezing hundreds of millions of dollars in federal research grants while launching probes into diversity, equity and inclusion efforts and seeking to eliminate what it considers the liberal bias of American colleges.

For former Columbia University President Lee Bollinger and University of Chicago law professor Geoffrey Stone, the Trump administration poses a “historic threat” to academic freedom—a principle that they argue is legally ill-defined and therefore vulnerable.

Bollinger and Stone tapped into their vast network of First Amendment experts and asked each to contribute a chapter to their new volume examining academic freedom through a legal, historical and philosophical lens. “We know most of the influential scholars in the realm,” Bollinger said. “It was not difficult to come up with a list.”

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