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Developments at the giant miner suggest Astana will be the main factor in company strategy going forward.

On August 23, Kazakhstan will hold elections to its newly established unicameral parliament, the Kurultai, marking the latest phase of the political elite’s consolidation under President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.

Last month, the Constitutional Court determined that Tokayev can legally stand for the presidency again under the new basic law that entered force on July 1, leaving his earlier pledge not to seek office again – his current term ends in 2029 – firmly in the balance.

Whether Tokayev decides to exercise that privilege or not, Kazakhstan’s business elite is being recast in his image, right in time for a new electoral cycle.