An image sent to Claude is billed as input tokens, and the count is a function of its pixel dimensions rather than its file size. Anthropic publishes the arithmetic, which means you can price a vision workload before you send a single request.
The documented formula
Anthropic’s vision documentation gives the estimate as width in pixels multiplied by height in pixels, divided by 750:
tokens ≈ (width_px × height_px) / 750
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