The Everything-Is-Bloated Thesis: Why Modern Software Is Slow, Heavy, and Unstoppable

"Software is getting slower more rapidly than hardware becomes faster." — Niklaus Wirth (1995)

In 1969, the Apollo 11 Guidance Computer navigated humans through 240,000 miles of space and landed them on the moon using 4 kilobytes of RAM and 72 kilobytes of ROM.

Today, opening a basic chat application on a $2,000 laptop requires:

1.5 Gigabytes of active system memory