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A messy litter box turns daily cleanup into an unpleasant chore. Consumer Reports tested litter boxes with real cats and owners

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A messy litter box that traps odors, sticks with clumped litter or spooks a nervous cat turns a daily chore into a bigger hassle than it needs to be. Automatic, stainless steel, plastic and enclosed designs each come with their own tradeoffs in cleaning effort, cat acceptance and how well they control mess.

Consumer Reports evaluated cat litter boxes with a panel of staffers and their cats, testing ease of cleaning, cat reactions and overall design.