This photo, taken Thursday, shows the trading room of Hana Bank in Seoul as South Korean stocks fell by over one percent following two days of deep declines amid AI spending concerns. Photo by Yonhap

Seoul shares fell by more than 1 percent Thursday as retail investors heavily sold tech stocks following deep declines over the previous two sessions amid concerns over artificial intelligence (AI) spending and uncertainty about the Federal Reserve's interest rate outlook.

The Korean won strengthened against the U.S. dollar.

After volatile trading, the benchmark Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) lost 69.68 points, or 1.23 percent, to close at 5,593.56 after plunging to an intraday low of 5,547.41.

The index also rose as high as 5,976.82 at one point.