1777-King Louis XVI of France and his Foreign Minister clandestinely agree to supply the United States with munitions during the American Revolution

1829-William Austin Burt patents America's first typewriter, the typographer

1840-Union Act passed by the British Parliament, uniting Upper and Lower Canada

1942-Adolf Hitler's Directive number 45: order for army to advance on Stalingrad

1943-The U.S. 45th Infantry Division occupies the north coast of Termini, Sicily