The ranking of the world’s largest economies is expected to shift by 2031, based on projections from the International Monetary Fund’s April 2026 World Economic Outlook update. The figures track nominal gross domestic product (GDP) across 2026, 2028 and 2031, measured in billions of US dollars.
The data shows that the United States and China remain in the top two positions throughout the period. Both economies continue to expand in size, while other major economies adjust their positions within the global ranking. India records the largest change in output among the top economies. Brazil, the United Kingdom and several European economies also record increases over the period.
Read also: The top 10 largest economies by GDP in 2026
Here are the projected top 10 economies by 2031, with GDP changes from 2026 to 2031.
1. United States
