Web Architecture Patterns for Full-Stack TypeScript Applications

I've shipped CitizenApp from zero to production SaaS handling thousands of concurrent users. Along the way, I've made every architectural mistake worth making—and some worth repeating to be sure. Here's what actually works when you're building full-stack TypeScript apps that need to scale.

The Monorepo-First Decision

I strongly prefer monorepo architecture for TypeScript full-stacks. Specifically, a pnpm workspace with separate frontend and backend packages.

Why? Because your React frontend and FastAPI backend are not separate products—they're one product with two deployment targets. A monorepo forces you to think about this correctly from day one.