Thousands of college students in some states now have to read the Constitution and Declaration of Independence as well as pass American history and government courses to graduate.

More changes are coming as red state lawmakers reshape general education requirements—what students must learn before they can graduate.

Republicans’ gen ed playbook varies state by state and has evolved over the years as lawmakers assert their power and increase state-level governing boards’ authority over curricula—an area previously mostly under faculty purview. Over all, this yearslong effort has narrowed the list of courses students can take to satisfy graduation requirements and put a greater focus on Western civilization and civics while sidelining courses focused on diversity and social justice. The patriotic, pro-West themes hark back to the surge in gen ed requirements after the world wars.

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