A deadly overnight attack in Johannesburg has once again drawn attention to South Africa's struggle with violent crime, after multiple gunmen opened fire in a densely populated settlement, killing 12 people and injuring several others. Authorities have launched a major manhunt for the suspects, who remain at large, while investigators work to determine what motivated one of the city's deadliest shootings in recent months.The attack unfolded in Cleveland, a suburb east of Johannesburg that has previously been linked to illegal mining activity and organized criminal networks. According to police, a group of armed assailants arrived in the area late Tuesday night before carrying out a coordinated shooting across multiple locations. By the time emergency responders arrived, numerous victims had already succumbed to their injuries.What happened in the Johannesburg shooting?South African police say the attackers traveled to the settlement in a minibus before moving through the community and firing on residents at several points. The victims included nine men and three women. Eleven people were pronounced dead at the scene, while a twelfth victim later died in hospital.At least nine other people sustained injuries and were receiving medical treatment. Authorities have not released details regarding the condition of the survivors.Investigators are examining multiple possible motives behind the shooting but have not publicly linked the attack to any specific criminal group.Police spokesperson Athlenda Mathe said specialized investigative teams have been deployed to identify and locate those responsible, according to CNN. Authorities are also collecting witness statements and forensic evidence from the crime scene.Illegal mining and violent crime concernsThe latest attack comes amid ongoing concerns over illegal mining syndicates operating around Johannesburg and other parts of Gauteng province.Known locally as "zama zamas," illegal mining groups often compete for access to abandoned mines and mineral-rich areas. Security experts and law enforcement officials have previously linked some violent incidents in the region to disputes involving criminal mining networks, although authorities have not established such a connection in this case.Johannesburg and surrounding communities have experienced periodic outbreaks of violence tied to organized crime, gang activity and territorial conflicts. Informal settlements, where access to services and security can be limited, are often particularly vulnerable.