OTTAWA — Canada’s top judge says guardrails for how artificial intelligence can be used by judges and lawyers must evolve because the technology is changing so rapidly, and more and more self-represented litigants are taking shortcuts.

“Just a few years ago, ‘hallucinated’ legal cases were not something we imagined,” said Richard Wagner, chief justice of Canada, at a news conference marking the end of the court’s judicial season. “Today, they are part of our reality.”

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