BALTIMORE—As policymakers ramp up their scrutiny of higher education, the job of a university president is evolving—and perhaps more difficult than ever.

While college presidents are accustomed to “hat-switching” in service of a diverse constituency—including students, faculty, staff, alumni and legislators—“the real change” over the past five years has been “the ultra-politicization of the presidency,” Elaine Maimon, a higher education columnist and former president of Governors State University, said Wednesday at the 79th Education Writers Association National Seminar here. “It’s become such a [source of conflict] that it makes the president’s job especially hard.”

The panel, titled Many Hats and Increasing Pressure: College Leaders Discuss Their Evolving Roles, featured Maimon; Harrison Keller, president of the University of North Texas; and Charles Nies, president of the University of Minnesota at Duluth.

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