Sarah O’ConnorJun 2, 2026 – 2.59pmWhen MIT professor Joseph Weizenbaum created one of the first chatbots in the mid-1960s, he received two shocks in quick succession. The first was how readily people anthropomorphised the rudimentary program, which he called Eliza.“What I had not realised is that extremely short exposures to a relatively simple computer program could induce powerful delusional thinking in quite normal people,” he wrote in his 1976 book Computer Power and Human Reason.Financial TimesSubscribe to gift this articleGift 5 articles to anyone you choose each month when you subscribe.Subscribe nowAlready a subscriber? Fetching latest articles