Voters in Colombia headed to the polls on Sunday in a tight, three-way presidential election which is expected to go to a second round.

More than 40 million Colombians are eligible to vote in the poll featuring a leftist candidate pledging to expand social reforms, an independent businessman portraying himself as an outsider and a right-wing senator who could become the country's first female president.

Ivan Cepeda, a 63-year-old left-leaning senator, has been leading opinion polls, but looks unlikely to overcome the 50%-plus hurdle required to secure an absolute majority.

Incumbent President Gustavo Petro cannot seek another term. He has thrown his support behind Cepeda.

Surveys suggest he will face a much tougher contest in ​a second round against either the independent former lawyer Abelardo De La Espriella (47) or the right-wing Paloma Valencia (48), who are expected to split the centrist and conservative vote on Sunday.