The seven men had been trapped in the cavern in a remote mountainous area of central Xaysomboun Province since May 20, when flash floods stranded them as they searched for gold, early state media reports said.
Five of the men were located alive on Wednesday, huddling in a narrow shaft around 300 meters from the cave mouth.
Footage filmed by rescue divers showed them muddy and despondent, complaining of chest pains and hunger pangs, while the remaining two of their group remain unaccounted for.
"The first victim has been successfully rescued out of the cave," a Thai rescue group said in a Facebook post late Friday accompanied by a picture of three men guiding another bedraggled and muddy man over unsteady ground.
Rescue efforts had focused on pumping out the monsoon flood waters which trapped the men.
