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Alberta Premier Danielle Smith has announced plans for the province to hold a non-binding vote this autumn that could set up a second binding referendum on the province’s separation from Canada at a later date.

Alberta is Canada’s fourth most-populous province, with a population of five million people. The province is well-known for its oil and natural gas deposits that contribute significantly to Canada’s economy. Alberta’s proven oil reserves are the fourth largest in the world after Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, and Iran.

Canada’s Oil Patch

Known as Canada’s oil center, the city of Calgary, Alberta, is home to most of the country’s energy companies, including Suncor (SU), Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ), and Imperial Oil (IMO). The vote on whether Alberta should leave Canada will not be the first time that a province votes on whether to separate. French-speaking Quebec has held several separation referendums, all of which failed.