Thousands of people marched through central Madrid on Sunday, chanting and waving banners to protest soaring rents and a housing shortage, and calling for urgent government action.

Housing has consistently ranked among the top concerns for voters in Spain, where demand has risen due to tourism and immigration-linked population growth, while the supply of public rental housing remains limited.

Organised by the Madrid Tenants' Union under the slogan "Housing costs us our lives. Lower rents", the march was backed by Spain's two main trade unions, UGT and CCOO.

"Housing measures, although some are moving in the right direction, are advancing at a snail's pace, while the housing crisis is escalating rapidly," CCOO secretary general Unai Sordo told reporters before the start of the march.

Organisers said more than 100,000 people took part in the protest.