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A central banker’s lessons from a fragmented decade
With multilateralism in crisis, new ways must be found to co-operate, argues the departing head of the Banque de France, François Villeroy de Galhau
TL;DRAI
Banque de France governor Villeroy de Galhau draws four lessons from a decade of shocks, fragmentation, and surging debt that challenged central banking's core assumptions. For tech leaders: structural macro instability — slowing growth, rising debt, unilateral power plays — is now the baseline shaping investment cycles, supply chains, and AI governance decisions.
278 words~1 min read
