Banning phones in schools may not be as effective in boosting school performance as simply letting kids sleep longer.

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New data released this month showed consistent declines in student test scores in the U.S. over the past 13 years. This echoes a pattern that has been seen globally, and this latest data continues an overall trend. Part of the decrease in math and reading skills is due to the pandemic, but these declines were occurring before and have continued after.

In addition to being a professor of economics at Brown University and contributing writer at The Dispatch, Emily Oster is the founder and CEO of ParentData, a data-driven guide to pregnancy, parenting, and beyond. She is also a New York Times best-selling author, whose books include Expecting Better, Cribsheet, The Family Firm and The Unexpected.