Traditional paths to stable careers are undergoing a massive shift. Fields like computer science—once considered the safest bet for a high-paying job—are now facing new uncertainty. At the same time, some business leaders warn that entry-level roles could be hollowed out by AI, leaving many Gen Z workers questioning where opportunity still exists.

Jaime Teevan, Microsoft’s chief scientist, believes the answer may lie in an unexpected place: the liberal arts.

“Metacognitive skills will be very important—flexibility, adaptability, experimentation, thinking critically, being able to challenge things. Developing critical-thinking skills requires friction, doing things that are hard, doing deep thinking,” Teevan told The Wall Street Journal.

“For that, a traditional liberal-arts education is really important.”

Teevan, who leads the research direction of the company’s experiences and devices division, including Office, Windows, Surface, and Teams, said the shift reflects a deeper change in how humans interact with technology. And for her, the stakes are personal: she has four sons, ages 17 to 21, all navigating higher education decisions in real time.