Billions in oil funds have not been returned to Iran as transparency fades during efforts to circumvent biting sanctions.

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Tehran, Iran – Iranian authorities are creating more unofficial channels to sell oil and import essential goods under the weight of United States sanctions and a looming war, but judges and experts have raised alarms over risks of corruption.

An expanding network of state-linked “trustees” has been handling shadowy deals to export Iranian petroleum and other sanctioned products with billions of dollars in proceeds yet to return to the country, according to oil executives, lawmakers and judicial officials.