Voters in Thailand came out in numbers on Sunday for a general election defined by a three-way battle between conservative, progressive and populist camps, with no single party expected to secure a clear majority and prolonging the specter of political instability.

Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul set the stage for the snap election in mid-December, amid a raging border conflict between Thailand and Cambodia, in what analysts said was a move timed by the conservative leader to cash in on surging nationalism.

At that point, he had been in power for less than 100 days, taking over after the ouster of premier Paetongtarn Shinawatra of the populist Pheu Thai party over the Cambodian crisis.

Pheu Thai, backed by the billionaire former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, who himself went to jail just days after his daughter’s removal, is down but not out, according to surveys.

“We have done everything that we can,” Anutin told reporters, after casting his vote in his Bhumjaithai Party’s stronghold of Buriram city, northeast of Bangkok. “We hope the people will have confidence in us.”