Pemex, burdened with significant debt, financial and operational constraints, now faces competition from Venezuelan oil.

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Monterrey, Mexico: For more than 30 years, Dagoberto Ramos worked at Pemex, Mexico’s state-owned oil company, at one of its petrochemical complexes in the energy hub of Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz.

Ten years ago, the specialist in ethylene production opted for early retirement, fearing that deteriorating maintenance routines were putting him at risk of injury and liability. He was particularly concerned about being blamed for an accident resulting from neglected infrastructure.