Sir Keir Starmer has said he made "good progress" on tariffs and visa-free travel to China in his meeting with President Xi Jinping.
The prime minister said he had also raised contentious issues including the jailing of pro-democracy campaigner Jimmy Lai and the treatment of the Uyghur minority in Xinjiang.
Sir Keir is the first UK prime minister to visit the country in eight years, as the government seeks closer trade ties with Beijing.
However, critics have argued the UK should have a more cautious relationship with China because of the risk to national security and the country's human rights record.
Speaking after the meeting at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing - which lasted around an hour and 20 minutes - Sir Keir said the pair had discussed how "huge opportunities" in China could benefit people in the UK.
