RIYADH: Modern nations do not transform on technological progress alone, but evolve through various factors such as values, religion, culture and assumptions that guide how societies interpret development.

Philosophy is one aspect of understanding civilization. Although it is often seen as abstract or far from reality, it plays an essential role in shaping a nation’s understanding of modernization.

It impacts how people see progress and discuss cultural identity, along with measuring the ethical implications of joining the global mindset.

Yet, by examining the philosophical thoughts that shape national narratives, people gain a deeper understanding of why societies adopt certain ideologies for development, resist others, and struggle to balance tradition with innovation.

Saudi Arabia, for example, defines its place on the global stage and navigates the complex tensions between heritage, aspiration and global responsibility through its own philosophy.