Palantir CEO Alex Karp revealed his lifelong struggle with dyslexia—not elite degrees, politics, or pedigree—shaped the free-thinking, contrarian mindset that has driven both his leadership and Palantir’s rise into one of America’s most valuable tech companies.

Palantir CEO Alex Karp offered a rare glimpse into the engine driving one of the world’s most idiosyncratic and valuable companies on Wednesday. The source of his immense success, seemingly relentless energy, and unconventional worldview, doesn’t stem from his multiple advanced degrees or his early encounters with co-founder Peter Thiel.

Instead, Karp pointed to a lifelong struggle he had long kept hidden: dyslexia, which he called the “formative moment” of his life.

For years, the narrative surrounding Karp has focused on his eccentricities and contrarian outbursts. The son of a Jewish pediatrician father and an African American artist mother, he was raised in a household rich in art, science, and intellectual intensity. But despite his parents being “extraordinarily talented,” Karp suggests his success stems from a neurological necessity: the inability to conform to standard modes of learning, which forced him to innovate.

“If you are massively dyslexic, you cannot play a playbook,” Karp said at the New York Times DealBook Summit. “There is no playbook a dyslexic can master. And therefore we learn to think freely.”