India recorded extreme weather events on 270 of the 273 days between January and September 2025, according to an assessment by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) and Down To Earth. The analysis draws on data from the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the Disaster Management Division of the Union Home Ministry, and media reports.
Extreme weather events, as defined by IMD, include lightning and thunderstorms, heavy to extremely heavy rainfall, floods, landslips, heatwaves, cold waves, snowfall and cloudbursts. All 36 States and Union Territories reported such events during the period.
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The report, published on November 19, 2025, states that these events resulted in 4,064 deaths, damage to 99,533 houses, and the loss of 58,982 animals. Crop losses were extensive, with 9.47 million hectares affected. Maharashtra reported the largest agricultural impact at 8.4 million hectares, while Madhya Pradesh recorded the highest number of fatalities at 532, followed by Andhra Pradesh with 484 and Jharkhand with 478.
Regionally, the northwest experienced the highest frequency of extreme weather, with 257 event days and 1,342 deaths. The east and northeast recorded 229 event days and 878 deaths, the central region had 200 days and 1,093 deaths, and the south peninsula reported 205 days and 745 deaths. Himachal Pradesh saw extreme weather on 217 days, the most for any State.
