Tanzania's government has ordered all civil servants to work from home following Wednesday's elections that were marked by violence and internet disruption.

Rights groups have urged restraint following reports of deaths and injuries on voting day, when protesters set fire to vehicles and damaged infrastructure.

The protesters accused the government of undermining democracy, as the main opposition leader is in jail and another opposition figure was disqualified from the presidential election, bolstering President Samia Suluhu Hassan's chances of winning.

The main city, Dar es Salaam, remains under heavy security, with several roads still blocked and sounds of gunfire heard on Thursday morning.

The US Embassy in Tanzania reported that the road to Dar es Salaam's international airport was among several major routes that remained closed.