Eminent historian Romila Thapar has strongly criticised the University Grants Commission (UGC)’s Learning Outcomes-based Curriculum Framework (LOCF), warning that it represents an intrusion into university autonomy and a dilution of academic quality.

She also cautioned that the proposed framework, in its current form, could risk reducing higher education into rote learning with students confined to question-and-answer formats, instead of being encouraged to raise critical questions.