Russia, Iran and Cuba credit the host with showcasing the strength of the Chinese military

But these countries are either some of China’s closest neighbours or part of the developing world – a group that Beijing has long sought to influence. Elsewhere, particularly in the West, the reaction was more muted.

The parade had a dual effect – it marked 80 years since the end of World War II and showcased China’s growing military might and rising diplomatic stature.

In his opening address, Xi sought to present China as a stabilising world power, warning that humanity once again faced the choice between peace or war and dialogue or confrontation.

China showcases new military hardware in massive Victory Day parade