Western efforts to create a rival supply chain and break Beijing’s dominance will come up against challenges of cost and scale
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Beijing’s tight export controls on critical minerals have strained relations with US and EU
Experts question Washington’s suggestion that it can end Beijing’s dominance of sector within two years
Beijing has attempted to improve relations with Brussels since Donald Trump returned to the White House
The American military and Europe’s green transition both rely on critical minerals from Beijing
Extensive licensing requirements raise concerns about intellectual property theft
Beijing determined to retain leverage over supply by preventing buyers from building large inventories
