T
his was arguably the most glaring "memory gap" in French colonial history. Between 1955 and 1970, France waged war in Cameroon against independence and later opposition movements, resulting in the deaths of tens of thousands and helping to install an authoritarian regime loyal to Paris. The silence that surrounded this "dirty war" was both an insult to the victims and a historical failure, as well as a major unspoken issue in relations between the two countries.
This is why we should welcome the move by French President Emmanuel Macron who, in a letter to his Cameroonian counterpart Paul Biya made public on August 12, acknowledged that a "war" had been waged in Cameroon by "the colonial authorities and the French army," and stated that he acknowledged "France's role and responsibility."
Read more Macron admits France waged a repressive war in Cameroon during its decolonization
It took many years before the reality of this brutal "pacification" carried out in secret, but long well-documented by writers, journalists and historians, was officially recognized. The "counter-revolutionary warfare" techniques first tested in Indochina and then in Algeria – destruction of villages, assaults on unarmed civilians, forced regroupment camps, torture, targeted assassinations – were used against supporters of the Union of the Peoples of Cameroon (UPC, a pro-independence party) and to crush the uprising of the Bamileke people. By delegating repression to local actors, France turned a colonial conflict into a civil war.
